In order to better simulate the actual working condition of asphalt mixture, the specimens of ATB-30 asphalt mixture are compacted by vertical vibration compaction method(VVCM)and Marshall compaction method respectively. The effect of compaction methods on the physical and mechanical properties is studied, and the 2 compaction methods are evaluated. The comparative analysis result shows that (1) the density of VVCM specimens increased by an average of 1.02 times of that of Marshall specimens, Marshall stability, compressive strength, splitting strength and tensile strength of VVCM specimens are average of 1.54, 1.47, 1.39, 1.45 times of those of Marshall specimens in the same asphalt-aggregate ratio respectively; (2) the corresponding asphalt-aggregate ratio of maximum value of Marshall specimens' mechanical strength is 3% smaller than that of VVCM specimens, and the marshal stability, compressive strength, splitting strength and tensile strength of VVCM specimens are 1.45, 1.45, 1.44, 1.44 times of those of Marshall specimens in the optimum asphalt-aggregate ratio respectively; (3) the testing accuracy of VVCM specimens' mechanical strength is 92%, while that of VVCM specimens is less than 70%, which indicates the reliability of VVCM is better than that of Marshall method.

To study the influence of bus lane-changing behavior at exit of urban tunnel on traffic flow, taking bus lane-changing behavior as the research object, 3 types of influence status during the bus lane-changing at exit of urban tunnel are described and analysed, and the data are collected by using TV camera and analysed. The multivariate linear models of the relation of time headway with the variables of the bus lane-changing frequency, bus lane-changing duration, the overall length of lane-changing as well as its reserve time and vehicle flow in tunnel is established applying the SPSS software. Then the correlation test are made, and the most critical influencing factors of bus lane-changing on the traffic flow at exit of urban tunnel are obtained.

The diffusion behavior and process of grout in 3D geologic structure of porous rocks is tested by geoelectric test method. The result shows that (1) the natural potential of electrode is sensitive to the behavior of grout diffusion; (2) the horizontal diffusion radius of grout increases approximately the square root with diffusion time in the initial stage of grouting test at the center of double diffusion layers. Thus, the geoelectric test method can be used in visible 3D monitoring and analyzing of the area and process of grout diffusion,which can strongly support for assessment of grouting effect such as water resistance and reinforcement, etc.

Based on the results of the experiment study on single plate tested in the laboratory and the suecesgul cnnstmction of twobridges, the serial optimum design of high-performance prestressed。cagcagete hollow plate with a new type secfion with double arched-doorholes is finished It is madeC80 concaete and high-strength Grade 1860 strand The void ratio of the plate is fmm 45% to 64%. Thewidth is of 1. 2m and the span isfmm 13m to 25m Comparing with the normal strength ptesttessed cxmcrete hollow plate, there are tan-Bible technical-eccavomic benefits cf the high-perfomiance presttessed cxmctete hollow plate Meanwhile, there ate :racial benefits of en-vimnmental protection resulted fmm the decreasing usage of raw materials and the reducing of the height of related bridge madbed.

The highway minimum tangent lengths in the recent versions of Design Specification for Highway Alignment present uncertainty that leads mixed guidance in application. To solve this problem, first, different data of the minimum tangent lengths in some representative countries were collected and compared, and found out the source from where the minimum tangent lengths of China came. Second, using mechanics and kinematics theories, three minimum tangent length models were established, considering the superelevation runoff, accelerationdeceleration transition rate and driving operation demand during the travel. Then, in terms of driving comfort, the minimum tangent length model was established by perspective method on the basis of 3D model of different combinations of horizontal and vertical alignment. Based on the above all, the comprehensive minimum tangent length model was established. It is concluded  that (1) for the minimum tangent length on curves in the same direction, visual comfort requirement is the key factor, and the value decrease as the radii increase; (2) for the minimum tangent length on curves in opposite directions, superelevation runoff and centrifugal accelerationdeceleration transition rate are dominant factors. Both the two minimum lengths are less than that in the specification. The conclusions were tested and verified available by a national arterial highway reconstruction project and is useful for the future revision of the Specification.

Based on the present situation of Chinese road freight transport management and successful experiences of American road freight transport management,the advices of policy for perfecting Chinese road freight transport market management connected with freight transport safety,efficiency and market behavior specifications were brought forward.For freight transport safety,it is suggested to perform comprehensive safety supervision and management system in view of freight transport market grant,operation and quit for drivers,enterprises and vehicles.For freight transport efficiency,it is suggested to promote towing vehicle and trailer transport pattern,to advance development of giant freight vehicles,to advance development of large-scale and intensive freight transport enterprises,and to cultivate large-scale freight transport agent organization.For freight transport market,brings forward the corresponding advices for specification of freight transport vehicles relying on other enterprise behavior and freight transport market grant.

从换道需求和换道安全两个方面对换道行为进行了分析,结合阅读文献给出了常用的分析模型.在此基础上,以换道车辆为目标,运用车辆运动学理论,对车辆换道过程中目标车辆与周围车辆的安全距离进行了分析,给出了多车道、多车辆情况下相应的换道最小安全距离模型.为使换道时各车辆间的位置关系以及运动安全状态有效、直观的表现出来,利用虚拟现实建模语言VRML和Matlab/Simulink建立了联合动态仿真模型,对给出的最小安全距离模型进行了实验验证.实验结果显示,给出的换道最小安全距离模型能够有效的实施安全换道决策,避免碰撞发生.

Characters of self-anchored suspension bridge were introduced briefly.Then based on deflection theory,research was focused on its mechanical property.The basic differential equation of self-anchored suspension bridge was deduced,and the solution of internal force influence lines was given.According to the above deduced formula,by using the dynamic program to simulate loads,the calculation program of self-anchored suspension bridge was worked out.Taking a practical bridge(self-anchored suspension bridge with 328m mid-span)as an example,moment and deflection influence lines of each cross-section of midPside span were calculated both by the calculation program and FEM method.Comparison of results verified the accuracy of program and proved the derived formula and program.Further research of relevant mechanical parameters analysis could be based on this program.

License plate location is one of key technologies for vehicle license plate auto recognition system.In order to quickly and accurately locate the vehicle license plate,we proposed a new license plate location algorithm based on fixed color assortment search,which includes five steps: adaptive image pretreatment,fixed color assortment search,morphology processing,plate candidate regions judgment,and recognition of color of plate background.Compared with traditional license plate location method,the method not only can effectively reduce the inspection of pseudo license plate region and accurately examine the background color of license plate,but also can effectively solve the license plate location problem in complicated background environment when the colors of license plate background and plate body is same.The test result shows that this is a fast,real-time and accurate license plate location method.

Real-time traffic flow forecasting is one of important issues of ITS research.Some forecasting models including history average, time-series, Kalman filtering, non-parametric regression, neural networks and synthetic model, etc, have been established.Review of these existing forecasting models, and probable frequency of traffic flow forecasting research field is presented.

Tollgate capacity analysis is very important in expressway design phase. This paper presents the maximum service volume of different level of service (LOS)through analyzing the field data in detail with M/G/K model and a set of calculation method.

An improved thresholding method to solve the gradient thresholding problem of multi—plate location with
the vertical edge detection in license plate location．Input images were divided into two parts，the images were
segmented with the new threshold which is the average of Otsu threshold and the interval gradient mean．In order to
remove the pseudo—license plates from candidates，an approach that combining the new main connected region
analysis with the characteristics of the color and aspect ratio Was proposed to correctly extract license plates form the
candidate regions．This method call better remove the pseudo—license plates，which are similar in color or texture
information with the complex background or the character information of the plates．Experimental result shows that
the proposal method is able to achieve recall rate of 97．3％and precision rate of 88．5％after removing the pseudo
—license plates，and is timely to meet the need8 of accurately locating the license phtes in real—time road
conditions．

In order to offer services for traffic management，road upgrading and traveling，based on loop detector
data．the fitted congestion thresholds were determined according to the relationship of tramc parameters．Then the
temporal-spatial diagrams of traffic parameters were analyzed to identify the location of bottleneck．At last，the
congestion characteristics of bottleneck were analyzed using the method of Transformed Cumulative Curves．In
addition，the key of the method of Transformed Cumulative Curves was discussed，and the significance of curves’
changes and a better method to determine the background parameters were acquired够a result．Taken a section of
Shanghai Nordl一South viaduct expressway during 6：00．to 12：30．嬲all example，the location of bottleneck，the
activate time，deactivate time and the duration of the bottleneck were obtained．

There are many 0 km/h speed stop point records in the floating car data (FCD)，which has some spatial relations with the vehicle queue length in front of intersection. A new method to compute vehicle queue length in front of intersection based on FCD of stop points was described. First, the data of normal queue stop point on road section in front of intersection were extracted by map matching according to the stop points geographic location, continuous relation with normal travel points and relative location to the link. Then, the relative positional relation of floating car data in front of intersection was calculated based on the data of normal queue stop point. The vehicle queue length in front of intersection was calculated by twosteps statistics based on the position density distribution change of floating car stop point away from the  intersection. At the end, a calculation example of using FCD was presented to explain and validate the algorithm.

As two new kinds of compound reinforcement facilities,rockbolt frame beam and anchor cable frame beam are widely used for reinforcement of rock slopes in recent years.However,past studies on the two facilities synthetically considering interactions among rockbolt(anchor cable),frame beam and rock masses are quite few.Coupled with 1-D elastic-plastic cable elements and 3-D elastic-plastic rockbolt elements,3-D linear-elastic beam elements were used to simulate the interactions between reinforcement and the reinforced rock slope.Influence of the reinforcement on the stability of one rock slope of Xichang-Panzhihua expressway at the mileage K132 was assessed on the basis of the simulation results.The results show that both rockbolt reinforcement methods with or without frame beam are helpful for the improvement of the stability of surface layer of the slope in terms of displacement and stress distribution.But,with frame beam,deformation on the slope surface is significantly reduced.Moreover,fields of the displacements and stresses in the slope are greatly related to the layout of the cables and the design magnitude of the prestress.Therefore,it is concluded that reinforcement of prestressed anchor cable coupled with frame beam is one of the most effective methods to improve the stability for the studied slope.

In order to improve the accuracy of seasonal highway traffic volume forecasting,a general expression of seasonal ARIMA model with periodicity was presented based on the normal ARIMA model,and then the procedures of modeling and forecasting via seasonal ARIMA model were provided.In the feasibility-study experiment,the seasonal length was calculated by Fourier period analysis method,the test of the stationarity of the time series,and identifying,establishing,choosing and forecasting of the model were done by Eviews software.Compared with three normal seasonal forecasting models(group regression model,variable seasonal index forecasting model and seasonal regression model),the seasonal ARIMA model can obtain the highest accuracy in forecasting.The research result is significant to forecast highway traffic volume more accurately.

In order to study the generative mechanism of complex urban transit network,the local-world evolving network model of public transport was built on the basis of the network of transit network topoiogized by Space P method.The initial network,the new node,the new node's local-world,the probability of priority connections and the new node caused edges were analyzed from the public transport network designing constraint conditions which include the bus line length and bus stop adjacency matrix on the road network.For the application of the model.its computer programming model algorithm was given.By using the model,the generation of Xi'an public transport network was simulated.The result shows that the cumulative degree distribution and riding times distribution of the network generated by the evolving network model is very similar to the existing public transport,which proves that the model reflects the basic law of the public transport network development.

In order to accurately calculate the displacement and stress of continuously reinforced concrete pavement (CRCP) at any point of road section under the temperature effect, based on the bond\|slip effect between reinforced steel bar and concrete, considering the influence of foundation frictional resistance, the CRCP stiffness equation was established based on the contact finite element theory, and the finite element solutions of stress and displacement at any part of the road section were obtained considering the combined effect of cracks and lugs. According to the calculation example,  the distributions of stress and displacement of  CRCP under the thermal stress were researched. The results show that the assumption that the steel displacement equal to zero is unreasonable, the effect of temperature gradient cannot be neglected, and the lug closing to end has the maximum displacement and internal force.

Through analysis of developing experience of comprehensive transportation corridor in France, Japan, America, etc., the enlightenment of future comprehensive transportation corridor development between Shanghai and Nanjing was obtained. Based on the correction for the distribution of traffic volumes in the benchmark year by introducing economic potential energy connection model to forecast traffic volumes of passenger and goods in the future, the rational ration of different transportation modes in Shanghai-Nanjing comprehensive transportation corridor was studied.  An optimization scheme of comprehensive traffic facility for Shanghai-Nanjing transportation corridor from the aspects of sharing corridors pressure, enhancing development of hubs and emphasizing cohesion of network was proposed to provide a  reference for the corridor development of other township and economic corridor in Jiangsu Province.

According to the vehicles locations acquired from the image sensor, a new method of analyzing driving characteristics was put forward. A safety evaluation model for driving in lane based on fuzzy logic mechanism  was established, and vehicles travelling data were described in the view of database. The vehicles lateral distances to the marking line were recorded by use of sampling at fixed time intervals. The safety evaluation fuzzy membership was calculated out by statistical analysis of distance samples to evaluate driving safety in lane and analyze drivers driving characteristics. The experimental results prove that the method can correctly analyse driving status and judge  drivers safety in lane.

To study the feasibility of active controlling asphalt pavement temperature field,a finite element model of pavement temperature field was developed with ABAQUS finite element software,which was validated by data from actual measurement.The regularity of influence of thermal conductivity,absorption rate,specific heat capacity and emissivity of the top layer on high temperature status in hot summer was calculated.Specifically for the rutting due to high temperature,the effect of various factors on the daily maximum temperature of intermediate layer was studied.The results show that thermalphysical parameters of the top layer have great influence on the temperature field of pavement structure.The sensitivity analysis shows that the absorption rate has the greatest impact on the daily maximum temperature of intermediate layer,followed by thermal conductivity,emissivity and specific heat capacity.It is feasible to control pavement temperature field actively by improving thermophysical properties of materials.The research provided a theoretical basis for the development of new materials with good thermal property and for determining reasonable distribution of the thermal parameters.

Smart expressway has been developing in China for many years by implementing pilot projects. At present, its technology research and engineering practice are transforming from the pilot verification of single technology to the systematic demonstration of integrated technologies. The concept, the main characteristics and the technical connotation of smart expressway are proposed, the technology system of smart expressway that supports the construction of "three networks in one" intelligent infrastructure and the cloud control platform for cloud-edge-terminal collaboration is studied and constructed. The technology set of smart expressway composed of 3 categories, 5 subsets and 33 technologies is proposed to implement the innovative services for expressways such as safety warning based on vehicle-infrastructure collaboration, lane level vehicle management and control, free flow toll collection, autonomous driving truck platoon, quasi all-weather traffic, etc. Finally, the design of Hangzhou-Shaoxing-Ningbo smart expressway based on this technology system is introduced. It can provide guidance and reference for the design and construction of smart expressway, the R&D of key technologies and the development of related equipment in China.

The aim of emergency evacuation is to remove residents from the dangerous area to safety one as quickly as possible when disaster occurring.Some problems concerning emergency evacuation in local road network of single source-single terminal or single(multi)source-multitenniual were analyzed respectively for various service states arose from different disaster affairs.With the capacity of each road as the constrain condition,traffic assignment model for local road network was established by using minimum cost max-flow theory to attain optimal target for maximum evacuation traffc volilme and minimum evacuation integral time.Traffic assignment model was used by a case and the algorithm was in practice under Matlab.Locations of arches which were composed of minimum section set in local road network were found and traffic volume of arches of minimum section set were improved to enhance emergency evacuation ability of local road network efficiently.

The weigh—in—motion(WIM)system installed on the Shandong perpetual pavement test road was
adopted．The composition structure，installation of WIM system and the axle type classification were described in
detail，and the treatment methods of collected axle—load data we凭introduced and compared．On this basis，the
actual axle load spectrum，the axle loads of different vehicle types，daily／weekly／monthly的mc volume，velocity
and lane distribution of vehicles were analyzed．The result shows that the collected data in database of WIM system
that collecting real—time data dyna埘c movement data of vehicles Call be used to effectively resolve the problem that
the outcomes of the axle load survey methods are inconsistent with the actual axle loads．

To analyze the vertical prestress loss of PC box-girder bridge during stretching and anchoring stage, two real bridges were taken for examples to test vertical prestress loss, the finite element and analytic methods were employed to analyze the vertical prestress losses of the bridges. Then the field test data were compared with simulation results. Combined with field test experience, the factors that influence the prestress loss and influence degree during stretching and anchoring stage were analyzed. The result shows that (1) prestress losses due to anchorage deformation, retraction of tendons and joint compression are the main losses of all during stretching and anchoring stage; (2) secondary stretching can control prestress loss when construction quality is guaranteed. 

为全面把握当前公路工程抗震减灾技术面临的机遇与挑战,回顾了公路工程抗震减灾技术的发展历程,归纳了计算理论从静力法发展到动力法、设防理念从抗震发展到减隔震、设计方法从强度设计发展到性能设计、设防对象从单体工程发展到整体路网设防及从单一地震灾害防御发展到地震等多灾害综合防御等4大发展特点.结合汶川地震、玉树地震实际情况,指出了我国目前路网抗震减灾能力不够强、公路地震灾害信息获取相对困难、次生灾害造成损失严重的现状,提出了公路结构物在地震中总体表现较好的观点.最后,指出了我国公路工程抗震减灾技术应加强路网抗灾能力、公路灾害遥感监测与评估技术、震后次生灾害防治技术、新技术研发与既有技术评价、公路结构物应急检评与应急保通技术等5个方面的研究发展方向.

The load and deformation of the pile-capped horizontal reinforced cushion of the pile-supported and geogrid-reinforced composite foundation were discussed to obtain the deformation and the tension stress of the reinforced material. Treating the pile and the soil as linear elastic object, and considering the static equilibrium and the compatibility of deformation as well as the influence of the reinforced material, the calculation method of the pile-soil stress ratios in different depths of the reinforced material was deducted. This method takes the following influence factors into account: differential settlement between pile and soil, horizontal reinforced cushion, pile distance, diameter of the pile cap and so on. Finally, to validate the proposed method, a case study  was illustrated,  which shows that the calculated value is close to the observed value. The pile-soil stress ratio and the bearing capacity of the composite foundation will be higher after setting up the horizontal reinforced mattress. This method is feasible for calculating the pile-soil stress ratio of the pile-supported and geogird-reinforced composite foundation.

The length design of the acceleration lane depends on not only traffic speed but also traffic volume of the main Line and rampof expressway interchanges The ramp capacity under different traffic flow of the main ling is presented, and the mergixg probability mocke1 of the vehicle on the ramp under different flow volume of the main Line The length design method of the elevation lane is presented,taking into aocnunt of certain merging probability of the vehicle on the ramp and the traffic flow of the main Line The values of the lengthof the acceleration lane are then put forward.

Traffic flow forecasting is one kernel study in Intelligent Transportation System and a research focus in traffic engineering field.The methods of traffic volume forecasting especially intelligent compound forecasting approach are summarized.Special stress was laid on several typical traffic volume forecasting methods including grey model,fuzzy prediction,genetic algorithm,neural network,grey neural network,neural network ensemble,statistical learning theory,chaos forecasting,wavelet decomposition and reconstruction,and some compound models built with the above mentioned models.Furthermore,it is pointed out that intelligent compound forecasting methods are the development trend and effective research solutions to short-term traffic volume forecasting.

In order to study the influence of nitrogen oxides in tunnel environment on tunnel ventilation, according to the tunnel ventilation environment standards of different countries, taken Hong KongZhuhaiMacau bridge subsea tunnel engineering for instance, considering the influence of vehicle type, vehicle weight, altitude and vehicle age, the required ventilation volume for diluting nitric oxides was calculated based on the relevant standards and calculation formula provided by PIARC. The calculated value was compared with the  required ventilation volume for carbon monoxide and smog. The research result indicates that (1) the proportion  of nitrogen oxides transformed into nitrogen dioxide influences the required ventilation volume remarkably;  (2) compared with the required ventilation volume for diluting carbon monoxide and smog, the required ventilation volume for diluting nitrogen oxides is the controlling value.

通过收集整理美国、加拿大、英国、澳大利亚等国关于乡村公路交通安全保障方面的资料,以安全评价、工程措施、宣传教育、立法执法、速度管理和事故救援为主线,对乡村公路交通安全保障措施进行归纳分析.结果表明:(1)乡村公路安全评价在交通安全保障过程中起着重要的先导作用;(2)乡村公路交通安全工程措施的低成本化对其可接受程度具有重要影响;(3)乡村公路交通安全宣传教育注重当地政府和社团组织的参与;(4)乡村公路交通安全立法和执法越来越受到重视;(5)乡村公路的速度管理关键在于限速值相对于道路环境的一致性;(6)对于乡村公路交通事故救援,除提高救援系统的响应速度外,加强本地救援能力也是发展方向之一;(7)稳定的资金支持是乡村公路交通安全科技研发、数据积累、宣传教育和工程实践的重要基础.

To utilize the expressway ETC dataset more efficiently and to improve the data processing speed, the main characteristics of ETC users and the potential problems of expressway were analyzed in depth. Taking the ETC passage data of expressway entrance/exit in a province of China in June 2023 for an example, the data were cleaned by Python programming language. The time data were processed by using ring feature coding, and the K-means clustering algorithm was applied to process the data. The indicators (e.g., entrance time, exit time, and mileage of passage in the province) were mainly focused. The 3 core features (i.e., users’ toll mileage, speed, and driving time) were analyzed, and visualized with the assist of clustering centroids and radar charts. The result indicates that the passage efficiency is lower during evening time. The problems of fatigue driving in the evening and speeding in the midnight are more prominent. According to the mileage analysis, the daytime is mainly dominated by short-distance and medium-distance users, and the long-distance users tend to enter the expressway in the morning, while there is a large number of commuter vehicles on the expressway. In terms of speed analysis, the low-speed group is mostly short-distance vehicles. The application of K-means clustering algorithm makes the data processing process fast and reliable. Combining with more ETC data, it can provide further insights into the main groups and conditions of expressway access. The study result can provide a strong basis for the development of differentiated toll policies, e.g., analyzing the time of entering expressway through clustering, determining the peak time and trough time, increasing the fee in peak time and reducing in trough time. It can improve the access efficiency and balance the traffic flow of road network.

Considering the important relationship between travel space and mode choice,based on the theory of Nested Logit model and its modeling method for disaggregate model,using the data of a revealed preference survey of daily travel of one Chinese big city in 2005,a conbined choice model was built to analyse the travel space and mode choice of urban travelers.The model is a two level NL model which consists of space choice level and mode choice level to conner space choice and mode choice.The model was calibrdted and teste (by applying STATA9 statistics software.Based on the model,the important factors affecting the travel space and mode choices were revealed.At the end.a mode choice MNL model was built with the same data,and the hit ratio and aggregate result of thhe presented model were tested and compared with those of multinomial Logit model at the end.The result shows that this combined model can predict travel space and mode choice behavior at a more detailed level to improve the model's accuracy and tility.

The matter-element model of regional logistics development was established using matter-element model theory based on extension engineering method, and the comprehensive evaluation method was proposed to calculate weight aggregation of evaluation indices in the matter-element model. The evaluation index system for regional logistics development was established at first, and the weights of evaluation indices were obtained based on the results of analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method and entropy method. Then the comprehensive evaluation of regional logistics development was made using extenics. Finally, an example was presented to verify the method. It is shown that the comprehensive evaluation method using analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method and entropy method is feasible to calculate weight aggregation of evaluation indices for regional logistics development, and extenics  is an effective method to evaluate the development level of regional logistics, whose result is useful to constitute the logistics development strategy.

The choice behavior of airport access mode was analyzed by stated preference(SP) data of passengers of Pudong airport,and the impact of service level of access mode on the choice behavior of passengers' travel mode was identified.According to three key elements of aviation passenger market division(purpose of travel,condition of residence and oversized luggage),a multinomial Logit model of choice behavior of different airport access modes was developed,the factors that affect the choice of airport access mode,such as approaching time,transfer time,in-vehicle travel time and total expense,etc.,were analyzed and discussed,which provides a quantitative reference for the forecast and improvement assessment of airport access mode choice.At last,taken Shanghai Pudong airport for example,the airport rail transportation improvement schemes were assessed by applying the model.

The normal fossil energy on earth is limited although the demand of energy for human development is never-ending.Searching for renewable energy and improving utility efficiency of energy are the main approach for the energy and the environmental issues for development of mankind.Asphalt solar collectors are becoming a new way of harnessing solar energy due to its excellent heating absorption property.Based on the situation of energy demand and asphalt pavement maintenance in China,the development of research and application of asphalt pavement solar collector was summaxized and the rules of collecting solar energy accumulated in asphalt pavement from theoretics and experimentations were reviewed.It is pointed out that the researches of asphalt collector technology in the future are focused on solar energy transfer.optimization of asphalt collector and inter-seasonal storage of solar energy by numerical and experimental approaches.

根据顶推连续梁通常具有等截面、等跨(或中间跨采用等跨径、边跨采用较小跨径)的特征,应用以一次落架思想和力法建立的三弯矩方程组,利用数列及其极限,将顶推分2个阶段推得了顶推中连续梁中间各支点弯矩的解析表达式,借此讨论并揭示了顶推中连续梁中间各支点弯矩值随该连续梁两端支承处弯矩和主梁恒载集度的变化规律.根据顶推前端主梁支点弯矩最小的原则,推得了导梁合理长度的计算公式,借助于数值分析得到:导梁抗弯刚度的合理值应为主梁抗弯刚度的0.2倍.进一步给出了导梁参数取合理值时各控制内力的大小.结合实际工程,阐述导梁常用结构形式与设计原则.

Using preprocessing software Hypermesh and FEA software MSC.Nastran, the detailed finite element model of car body-in-white (BIW) was established based on the theory of finite element. Finite element modal analysis and experimental modal analysis were conducted to get the modal parameters of BIW , including natural frequencies and corresponding mode shapes respectively. With comparison of the result of the simulation with that of test, the validity of the FEA model was verified. From the view of vibration and strength, the impact of internal and external incentives on the BIW was analyzed. According to strain mode local characteristics, a new method to determine the position where the maximum elastic deformation takes place by using the strain energy distribution of the vibration modes of different orders was therefore proposed. The method can be used to improve the local rigidity of BIW. The result shows that this method is reasonable and practical for the car body design.

Daily pattern should be considered during forecasting with the seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average(SARIMA) models based on the characteristic of urban road short-term traffic flow.The forecasting experiment consists of in-sample and out-of-sample forecasting.Two forecast error statistics,namely,the mean absolute error(MAE) and the mean absolute percentage error(MAPE),were employed to measure forecasting ability of models.The results show that the forecasting performance of the SARIMA model only considering weekly pattern is better than that of the SARIMA model only considering daily pattern,but worse than that of the SARIMA model considering both weekly pattern and daily pattern.

A super graph of multi-modal transit network was constructed through deep analysis of the architecture of urban multi-modal transit system.The impedance model of travel strategy was improved after analyzing travelers' strategy-choosing preference in consideration of the reliability of travel time,seat expectation and a variety of unexpected delay.A bi-level prosramming model was proposed.in which the lower-level model is a multi-mode transit network equilibrium assignment based on the improved impedance model of travel strategy and the upper-level modal is supposed to optimize the routing and layout for bus rapid transit (BRT) network design.A hybrid heuristic algorithm,which is a combination of genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimization,was designed to solve the models.Finally,a numeric example was presented to verify the designed models and the algorithm.